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Paper 2026-1

ПОДГОТОВКАТА НА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ – СЪСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМИ

Илиана Огнянова Петкова, Бистра Кирилова Мизова
Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, София

TEACHER TRAINING IN BULGARIA: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS

Iliana Ognyanova Petkova, Bistra Kirilova Mizova
Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia

* Авторите изказват благодарност към Националната научна програма за изследвания и иновации в предучилищното и училищното образование, Компонент 1, за частичното финансиране на настоящата работа.

Abstract: This study focuses on one of the keys and enduringly relevant issues in education – teacher preparation. The teaching profession is currently facing several challenges, including teacher shortages, an ageing workforce, increasing professional responsibilities, growing levels of stress, and insufficient societal recognition. These challenges are further compounded by the need to rethink existing models of teacher education so that they can adequately respond to the dynamic demands of contemporary educational environments. Developing appropriate solutions requires a thorough analysis of the current state of the teacher education system. To this end, an analytical matrix comprising five criteria and fifty-three variables was developed. The study employs a quota sample of universities selected on the basis of the Bulgarian University Ranking System. The analysed curricula are designed for students enrolled in bachelor’s degree programmes within the professional fields 1.2. Pedagogy and 1.3. Pedagogy of Teaching in… The findings lead to the following conclusions: (1) there are substantial differences in the approaches used for preparing teachers for primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education; (2) in the preparation of teachers of general education subjects, the emphasis is placed predominantly on subject-matter knowledge; and (3) there is a need for greater synchronisation and conceptual coherence in teacher education programmes.

Keywords: initial teacher training, curriculum, key competences

References:

  1. European Commission: Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture and Gambi, L., The teaching profession in the EU – A comparative analysis building upon the TALIS 2024 results, Publications Office of the European Union, 2026, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/3841850
  2. Merdzhanova, Ya., Masi i masovo obrazovanie v globalna sreda – v tarsene na identichnost.UI „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“, S., 2015
  3. Chavdarova-Kostova, S., Ek. Tomova. Kompetentnostniyat profil na uchitelya – podgotovka v universitetska sreda. Pedagogika, br. 8, 2023, p. 991-1009 https://doi.org/10.53656/ped2023-8.1
  4. Tomova, Ek., M. Petkova. Obrazovatelni politiki na darzhavite chlenki v Evropeyskia sayuz i otrazhenieto im varhu profesionalno-pedagogicheskata podgotovka na uchitelite. Godishnik na Sofiyskia universitet, kniga Pedagogika Tom 116, 2023 https://doi.org/10.60058/GSU.FP.PED.2023.116.105-154
  5. Mizova, B., Peycheva-Forsayt, R., Petkova, I. Podgotovkata na uchiteli v usloviyata na digitalna transformatsia i inovatsii: analiz na evropeyski prioriteti i tyahnoto otrazhenie v natsionalen kontekst. Balgarski ezik i literatura, T. 67, № 6s, 2025, p. 99–116. https://doi.org/10.53656/bel2025-6s-7MF

(Endnotes:)
1. Rezolyutsia na Saveta otnosno strategicheska ramka za evropeysko satrudnichestvo v oblastta na obrazovanieto i obuchenieto s ogled na evropeyskoto prostranstvo za obrazovanie i otvad nego 2021-2030 g.) eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/BG/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021G0226(01)
2. The teaching professions https://education.ec.europa.eu/focus-topics/teachers-trainers-and-school-leaders/teaching-professions
3. Naredba № 13 ot 21.09.2016 g. za grazhdanskoto, zdravnoto, ekologichnoto i interkulturnoto obrazovanie. Obn. DV. br.80 ot 11 oktomvri 2016 g., izm. i dop. DV. br.80 ot 28 septemvri 2018 g., izm. i dop. DV. br.75 ot 1 septemvri 2023 g. ndbr13-2016_gzeiobrazovanie_izm_08092023.pdf
4. Naredba za darzhavnite iziskvania za pridobivane na profesionalna kvalifikatsia “Uchitel” Prieta s PMS № 289 ot 07.11.2016 g. Obn. DV. br.89 ot 11 Noemvri 2016g., izm. i dop. DV. br.105 ot 18 Dekemvri 2018g., izm. i dop. DV. br.10 ot 5 Fevruari 2021 https://ruo.mon.bg/sofia-grad/files/sites/2/2021/10/2_0.pdf

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